Decision Making

These decisions can be as routine as when to get out of bed, hat to eat for lunch, or when to exercise, or decisions can be as significant as what career to pursue or where to live. Whether making a decision about something fairly routine or a major life event, making good decisions takes time, practice, and conscious thought. Definition of Decision Making Decision making is the process of choosing what to do by considering the possible consequences of different choices (Brockman & Russell, 2009; Walker, 2001 a).The decision making process is a tool that can help you or your family members reach goals, gain greater control ver your life, and help you be more satisfied with the quality of your life (Walker, 2001 b). Factors Influencing Decision Making Making decisions can be complex because of the large amount of factors that Influence the declslon making process (Brockman & Russell, 2009). Some factors are specific to you as an Individual such as your values, goals, and priorities. O ther factors are external such as When making decisions it is important to understand how these influences impact the process.Goal setting is important to the decision making rocess because it can help determine options and set a course of action. Specifically, goals are the end result that an individual, family, or community works toward (Walker, 2001). Goals can be divided into short-term and long-term. Short-term goals are defined as something you hope to achieve within six months, while long-term goals are something you hope to achieve in a time period longer than six months. An example of a short-term goal is organizing your home office space, and an example of a long-term goal is saving money for a new car.Personal values also impact decision making. Values are something you believe that impacts your behavior. Examples of values include honesty, education, good health, or financial security. Values help determine Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natu ral Resources at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska- Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture. 2012, The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska on behalf of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. All rights reserved. options and consequences of options in the decision making process. For example, if you highly value financial security, you will make decisions that will include having adequate savings and/or keeping expenses to a minimum. Steps of the Decision Making Process 1. State the problem or situation. The decision making process begins with a situation or problem to be addressedor solved. It can be helpful to write down the problem. 2. Consider your goals and values.The goals you set or yourself are influenced by your values. Knowing you r values and goals will help you determine what is desired. 3. Determine the options. Look for as many options as possible to solve your problem or situation. Be creative as you think about options. The more options you think of, the more likely it is that you will find a solution that fits your situation. When thinking about options, seek out information from friends, 4. Consider the consequences or list the pros and the cons of each option. In this step it is helpful to think about the positive and negative outcomes of doing ach option.To help you determine the pros and cons of each option, consider your personal goals and values and what resources, such as time, money, or knowledge, will be needed. Then, list the pros and cons of each option. 5. Select the best option. Based on the positive and negative consequences of each alternative, select the option that best fits your goals, values, and available resources. 6. Act upon the decision. After making a decision it is important t o put that decision into action. It can be helpful to create action steps listing how you plan to arry out your decision. . Accept responsibility. When you make a decision it is important to accept responsibility for that decision and the consequences that are associated with it. 8. Evaluate the results. The last step of the process is to analyze the results or outcomes of your decision. This analysis will help you determine the effectiveness of the decision making process. Helping Others Make Decisions Making good decisions is important not only for you but for your family. Helping others learn to make good decisions is an important life skill you can teach.For xample, helping a young child make a decision about eating fruits and vegetables gives them practice in making decisions. The more often young people engage in the steps of the decision making process, the better they will be at using them. Here are some tips for helping young children and youth use the decision making proce ss: Practice making decisions in situations they encounter daily, such as what to eat for school lunch. Make decisions, using the process, as a family. For example, decide where to go for vacation or what gift to give a grandparent for their birthday.Share with children how you use the decision making process in your life and how you evaluate your decisions. Have your child or family member set short-term and long term goals to help the decision making Conclusion: Making decisions is a part of daily living. Using the decision making process can help individuals and families reach goals, use resources wisely, and contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Resources: You can learn more about the decision making processdiscussed in this lesson in the following materials Brockman, M. S. , & Russell, S. T. (2009). Decision-making/ easoning skills.Building Partnerships for Youth: National 4-H Council and the University of Arizona Walker, K. (2001 a). Decision Making, K-State Research and Extensio n, Manhattan, KS Walker, K. (2001 b). Goal Setting. K-State Research and Extension, Manhattan, KS Walker, K. , Torres, Nayda, Turner, J. (2006). Make up Your Mind†lmproving Your Decision Making Skills. University of Florida IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL Source: Steps of the Decision Making Process adapted from: Make up Your Mind† Improving Your Decision Making Skills, University of Florida IFAS Extension.The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. The Steps of the Decision Making Process Decision Making Process Worksheet 2. 3. 4. 5. State the problem or situation. Consider your goals and values. Determine the options. Consider the consequences or list the pros and the cons of each option. Select the best option. 7. Accept responsibility. 8. Evaluate the results. Steps of the decision making process adapted from: Make up Your Mind†lmproving Your Decision Making Skills, University of Florida IFAS Extension. Decision Making These decisions can be as routine as when to get out of bed, hat to eat for lunch, or when to exercise, or decisions can be as significant as what career to pursue or where to live. Whether making a decision about something fairly routine or a major life event, making good decisions takes time, practice, and conscious thought. Definition of Decision Making Decision making is the process of choosing what to do by considering the possible consequences of different choices (Brockman & Russell, 2009; Walker, 2001 a).The decision making process is a tool that can help you or your family members reach goals, gain greater control ver your life, and help you be more satisfied with the quality of your life (Walker, 2001 b). Factors Influencing Decision Making Making decisions can be complex because of the large amount of factors that Influence the declslon making process (Brockman & Russell, 2009). Some factors are specific to you as an Individual such as your values, goals, and priorities. O ther factors are external such as When making decisions it is important to understand how these influences impact the process.Goal setting is important to the decision making rocess because it can help determine options and set a course of action. Specifically, goals are the end result that an individual, family, or community works toward (Walker, 2001). Goals can be divided into short-term and long-term. Short-term goals are defined as something you hope to achieve within six months, while long-term goals are something you hope to achieve in a time period longer than six months. An example of a short-term goal is organizing your home office space, and an example of a long-term goal is saving money for a new car.Personal values also impact decision making. Values are something you believe that impacts your behavior. Examples of values include honesty, education, good health, or financial security. Values help determine Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natu ral Resources at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska- Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture. 2012, The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska on behalf of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. All rights reserved. options and consequences of options in the decision making process. For example, if you highly value financial security, you will make decisions that will include having adequate savings and/or keeping expenses to a minimum. Steps of the Decision Making Process 1. State the problem or situation. The decision making process begins with a situation or problem to be addressedor solved. It can be helpful to write down the problem. 2. Consider your goals and values.The goals you set or yourself are influenced by your values. Knowing you r values and goals will help you determine what is desired. 3. Determine the options. Look for as many options as possible to solve your problem or situation. Be creative as you think about options. The more options you think of, the more likely it is that you will find a solution that fits your situation. When thinking about options, seek out information from friends, 4. Consider the consequences or list the pros and the cons of each option. In this step it is helpful to think about the positive and negative outcomes of doing ach option.To help you determine the pros and cons of each option, consider your personal goals and values and what resources, such as time, money, or knowledge, will be needed. Then, list the pros and cons of each option. 5. Select the best option. Based on the positive and negative consequences of each alternative, select the option that best fits your goals, values, and available resources. 6. Act upon the decision. After making a decision it is important t o put that decision into action. It can be helpful to create action steps listing how you plan to arry out your decision. . Accept responsibility. When you make a decision it is important to accept responsibility for that decision and the consequences that are associated with it. 8. Evaluate the results. The last step of the process is to analyze the results or outcomes of your decision. This analysis will help you determine the effectiveness of the decision making process. Helping Others Make Decisions Making good decisions is important not only for you but for your family. Helping others learn to make good decisions is an important life skill you can teach.For xample, helping a young child make a decision about eating fruits and vegetables gives them practice in making decisions. The more often young people engage in the steps of the decision making process, the better they will be at using them. Here are some tips for helping young children and youth use the decision making proce ss: Practice making decisions in situations they encounter daily, such as what to eat for school lunch. Make decisions, using the process, as a family. For example, decide where to go for vacation or what gift to give a grandparent for their birthday.Share with children how you use the decision making process in your life and how you evaluate your decisions. Have your child or family member set short-term and long term goals to help the decision making Conclusion: Making decisions is a part of daily living. Using the decision making process can help individuals and families reach goals, use resources wisely, and contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Resources: You can learn more about the decision making processdiscussed in this lesson in the following materials Brockman, M. S. , & Russell, S. T. (2009). Decision-making/ easoning skills.Building Partnerships for Youth: National 4-H Council and the University of Arizona Walker, K. (2001 a). Decision Making, K-State Research and Extensio n, Manhattan, KS Walker, K. (2001 b). Goal Setting. K-State Research and Extension, Manhattan, KS Walker, K. , Torres, Nayda, Turner, J. (2006). Make up Your Mind†lmproving Your Decision Making Skills. University of Florida IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL Source: Steps of the Decision Making Process adapted from: Make up Your Mind† Improving Your Decision Making Skills, University of Florida IFAS Extension.The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. The Steps of the Decision Making Process Decision Making Process Worksheet 2. 3. 4. 5. State the problem or situation. Consider your goals and values. Determine the options. Consider the consequences or list the pros and the cons of each option. Select the best option. 7. Accept responsibility. 8. Evaluate the results. Steps of the decision making process adapted from: Make up Your Mind†lmproving Your Decision Making Skills, University of Florida IFAS Extension. Decision Making Decision Making Based on Mission and Vision of an Organization This case study deals with leadership, decision making, and effective communication. Also, how important it is for a President and the staff to work together in a team to solve a problem. Not every decision is the correct resolution, but there are better decisions made when there is a group effort. This discussion will be completed through an analysis of the case study on decision making based on Mission and Vision of an Organization.This discussion will determine the best decision making method, the final decision by the President, and how the decision will be communicated to the staff and the public. Community Medical Center is a medical facility dedicated to providing quality patient care with unrelenting attention to clinical excellence, patient safety and an unparalleled passion and commitment to assure the very best healthcare for those we serve. The decision for the President to decide about the case of an operatin g room nurse, who may have HIV/AIDS, would definitely be a difficult decision.The President needs to provide a news release in 24 hours, and this will put more pressure on making a quick resolution. This would be a difficult task and there is not much time to make a decision. The best solution would be to review the mission statement that the President has utilized, and review the decision making models that will help influence the best decision. Also, a meeting would need to take place with the staff to help decide the best way in figuring out a solution in 24 hours.The decision making models that will help the President in this situation are the Willful Choice Decision-Making Model and the Garbage Can Model. These models will help identify the issue and determine potential solutions. The Willful Choice Decision-Making Model is the first recommendation to help the President and the staff in determining the best solution. According to Johnson (2009) here are the six steps of the wil lful choice model. 1. Identify the problem 2. Collect data 3. List all possible solutions 4. Text possible solutions 5. Select the best course of action . Implement the solution based on the decision made (Johnson, 2009, p. 215). This is a very systematic approach that can help the President focus on the key issues in the decision making process. The problem is the nurse who contracted HIV/AIDS and how the hospital is at risk of losing the staff, and patients who will be transported to Community Medical Center’s local rival hospital. The President could gather the data and determine the outcome from each solution. The options are to remove the nurse from his position by relocating the employee to a non-patient area.Although, the nurse refused this offer and wants to continue working the same position. This appears to be an acceptable offer and the employee would continue working and receiving the same pay. The President and the staff would need to select the best course of ac tion, and implement the solution within 24 hours. Another problem is the concern of national media exposure by a main local newspaper. This would cause a major concern by patients and families and hurt the strong reputation of the hospital and the quality of the medical care (Johnson, 2009).The President and the staff have a dilemma where it appears that either option will affect the hospital, staff, and patients. In addition, there is only 24 hours to come up with a decision. Next, the members of the organization need to determine the best course of action, and to implement the best solution. There are four basic principles that are made by choice. They are unambiguous, probability and knowledge of consequences, a rational and consistent priority system for alternative ordering, and heuristics or decision rules to choose an alternative (Johnson, 2009, p. 15). The President and the staff need to look at what the consequences will be for each scenario. They can make a decision by ana lyzing both situations and determine the probability for each consequence. The President needs to communicate effectively with the staff and this individual needs to be an active listener when deciding how to resolve this problem. The team needs to be able to voice their opinion, and everyone needs to agree with their final decision. If the President needs to provide a news release, He would need to have the ability to communicate effectively.The team needs to do crisis communication planning before the crisis occurs, and be prepared to deal with the world reporting on this crisis (Anonymous, 2010). The decision will be a collectivistic assumption. Since, the decision will be made by a group, and everyone in the staff will have a chance to voice their opinion (Johnson, 2009). The objective is a group consensus, and each person has the ability to communicate and make a difference in the organization.Teams that have more functional interaction, such as problem-solving interaction and action planning, were significantly more satisfied with their meetings (Kauffeld, Lehmann-Willenbrock, 2012). The President is not making the decision alone, and a team that has the ability to problem solve will make better choices. The decision made by the President is based on what the team has expressed, and the resolution would not cause any layoffs. The hospital has a great reputation providing quality care to the patients, and they want to continue providing the same service, and the hospital does not want to lose millions of dollars.The President and the members have decided to continue with the offer by relocating the nurse to a non-patient area. The employee would still have a position in the hospital and receive the same pay and working hours. This is a better decision than terminating the nurse. After reviewing the options, this was the best solution for Community Medical Center in continuing their reputation for the patients and residents in the area. This decision could have a downfall, but I think with that the team made a best decision for this issue.If the members decided to not make any changes with the nurse, the hospital would have lost millions of dollars, many effective employees who made a difference in the community. The President and the members made a decision and not every decision is the most desirable, but a group decision is better than one decision. It takes effective communication, problem solving, and working in a team to come up with the best resolution. This case study showed how to have effective communication within an organization. It takes a team to work together and utilize the decision making models.The staff needs to problem solve effectively, even if there is only a limited amount of time. The President needs to have clear communication, and have the ability in being an active listener. The decisions that are made by team may not always be correct, but there are better resolutions as a group than making decisions just from the President. When a President has a vision and a mission statement, a company has a clear path and the employees will have a better understanding of the direction for the organization. A mission statement is a great way to clarify the intentions of a company.References Johnson, J. (2009). Health organizations: Theories, behavior, and development. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Kauffeld S, Lehmann-Willenbrock N. Meetings Matter: Effects of Team Meetings on Team and Organizational Success. Small Group Research [serial online]. April 2012;43(2):130-158. Available from: Business Source Elite, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 2, 2013. What's your advice for communicating in a crisis? (2010). Communication World, 27(4), 13-13. 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Personal Statement on Psychology - 780 Words

I have always been interested in the way people act and what affects their behaviour in social situations. From studying psychology at A-level this passion and fascination has grown so much so that I now want to complete a degree in psychology to further my knowledge into human behaviour and what motivates a person to show this behaviour. From studying Piliavin during my A-level course I learnt about the ‘diffusion of responsibility’ which helped me understand why people are lacking in motivation to help a person in need, this theory became particularly interesting to me when a customer at work who had special needs broke down crying because she had lost a key to her house, other customers in the shop fled and refused to help her if I had not learnt about Piliavin this behaviour would have shocked and confused me but I now understand why a person feels this behaviour is necessary and their only option. Therefore I think that psychology is vital in society and everyday li fe as human behaviour is always being analysed by others and so psychology is fundamental to be able to understand the human mind in a variety of situations and to fully understand why people think and act the way they do. During my A-level subjects I have become intrigued about social psychology and I believe this is represented through the work I have completed. This is particularly present when I completed my Extended Project Qualification in which I chose a subject which focused on my two mainShow MoreRelatedEducational Psychology Personal Statement896 Words   |  4 Pages​When I declared a psychology major during the second year of my undergraduate career, my objective was to attend medical school and eventually become a psychiatrist. I enjoyed the psychology classes in which I was enrolled and found them to compliment the premed curriculum I also wanted to study. 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The Birth of 8th Grade Essay Samples

The Birth of 8th Grade Essay Samples Pets should be permitted in school. Students learn how to write effectively when they write more frequently. Most students have the ability to finish this task without help. Drunk drivers ought to be imprisoned on the very first offense. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire affordable essay rather than writing it themselves. Company and industry failure. The New Fuss About 8th Grade Essay Samples Nowadays it includes broad array of media and internet sources also. You could also get in touch with your writer to supply some additional recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. If you are fortunate enough to land the ideal site, you will surely find several topics that are worth note. Key Pieces of 8th Grade Essay Samples It is vital to pay exclusive attention to the opening sentence. As soon as it is great in the event the topic gestates out of your own head, it's always alright to have a peek at a number of the sample thoughts and topics. From its name, you might guess you should have a crystal clear picture of a specific thing so as to offer your reader with a very clear and concise explanation. And this isn't the close of the story yet. The Do's and Don'ts of 8th Grade Essay Samples Your conclusion is easily the most significant part your writing piece. It's known that each terrific thing starts with small measures. You've got zero idea where you're. Likewise, it has to be logically complete and express a particular idea. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Your reader will observe all details throughout the prism of your ideology. If you discover that the writer did not provide precisely what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. Writing a narrative essay is all about telling a story using your initial voice. I appreciate all comments or feedback. If you don't feel you have sufficient ideas about how to proceed with the essay, it's prudent to drop the topic straight out. This report should be written in the 3rd individual. To begin with, you should secure the significance of the expository essay definition and select the topic you understand well or at least find it interesting to find out more about. Ideally, there shouldn't be any limits concerning the topics you may want to cover in your eight grade essays, on account of the freedom of speech in this nation. Our life is about words. Islam is the and increasing religion, and the 2nd biggest religion on the planet. Assume which you're dwelling in a society which has no law. State standards do change somewhat, but you can be certain that writing will be prominent. Farmers who may no longer afford their prior lives would be discovered in western California. Writing is among the most effective modes of self-expression, and additi onally it is a remarkably effective means to help your students sort out all their ideas and feelings. Students are requested to indicate how a specific sentence may be corrected or improved or the way the organization or development of a paragraph may be strengthened. In this manner, it supplies the students a reason behind learning, for they are related to their lives. In conclusion, at the present moment school is a significant stage of my life. Generally, whenever someone is educated, they haven't only a feeling of self, but in addition a strong character. Every student demands help with homework from time to time. Even though you will face new tasks, a number of them will actually be quite familiar with you, and you'll have the ability to complete them successfully using knowledge and skills you currently have. Anyway, the shortage of suitable grammar makes the listeners drop respect to the speaker. In eighth grade, students utilize every phase of the writing procedur e and continue to construct their understanding of writing conventions. Hence, the majority of the moment, feedback can be regarded as a reinforcement, and plays an important role in reinforcing the superior learning habits of students.

Phineas Gage and the Role of the Brain in Cognitive...

Phineas Gage and the Role of the Brain in Cognitive Functioning BreAnne Warden PSY/360 December 5, 2011 Devlin Crose Phineas Gage and the Role of the Brain in Cognitive Functioning The brain plays a key role in cognitive functioning. Of the many areas in the brain, only certain areas have an impact on cognitive functioning. The case of a man named Phineas Gage showed key elements of specific areas in the brain that support certain cognitive functions. The traumatic brain injury that Phineas Gage suffered in 1848 has aided cognitive and neuropsychologists in making large strides in understanding the human mind. In the following work, the role of the brain in cognitive functioning will be examined and better explained. Examples†¦show more content†¦Phineas Gage worked as a blaster for the Rutland and Burlington Railroad project in 1848 (Grieve, 2010). While working for the railroad, one of Gage’s duties was using gunpowder and long iron rods to blast a hole into the rock so as to continue building the tracks (Grieve, 2010). In a seemingly careless action, a three foot tamping i ron was blown from the ground through Gage’s skull (Grieve, 2010). Instead of killing him, the tamping iron left a large hole all the way through the skull and brain of Phineas Gage (Grieve, 2010). It is clear that the injury sustained by Phineas Gage is no ordinary injury. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the injury that was sustained by Phineas Gage can be classified as a traumatic brain injury or a TBI. A traumatic brain injury can be defined as â€Å"an injury that occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain† (NINDS, 2011). Depending on the severity of the injury to the brain, the symptoms of a traumatic brain injury can include headaches, confusion, vomiting, dizziness, instability of mood, fatigue, changes in behavior, and blurred vision amongst many other symptoms (NINDS, 2011). The traumatic brain injury that Phineas Gage suffered as a result of the tamping iron exploding from the ground caused obv ious immense damage to Gage’s brain (Grieve, 2010). A large portion of Gage’s brain was damaged when the tampingShow MoreRelatedPsy 360 Cognitive Functions and Phineas Gage994 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive Functions and Phineas Gage Sherrie Y. Saunders PSY 360 Evi Pover March 18, 2013 Cognitive Functions and Phineas Gage The discussion of this paper is the role of cognitive brain functions and Phineas Gage. The amazing story of Phineas Gage will be analyzed and the explanation of cognitive functioning in regard to his situation is very interesting and is also a major topic in this paper. Cognitive brain functions will be thoroughly examined in this paper as well. Read MoreThe Role of the Brain in Cognitive Functions: A Case Study1040 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Neurosciences study of Cognitive Function is a relatively late phenomenon. As late as 1848, the accident and resulting injuries of Phineas Gage amazed the medical community. Furthermore, retrospective study of Gages injuries continues to yield new information about brain injury, personality and rehabilitation. Body: The Role of the Brain in Cognitive Functions Cognitive function is a series of intellectual processes whereby a person becomes aware of or comprehends ideasRead MoreRole of the Brain in Determining Cognitive Functioning1163 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The brain and its parts play a significant role in determining cognitive functioning. Cognitive functions may be defined as the abilities of a person to process information and thoughts. The brain consists of different areas, but only specific areas have an impact on cognitive functioning. The tragic case of a rail-road construction foreman known as Phineas Gage in 1848 showed the relation between certain areas of the brain and their support for specific cognitive functions. Phineas traumaticRead More An Evaluation of Case Studies and Their Contribution to Cognitive Neuropsychology as a Discipline2085 Words   |  9 PagesCognitive psychology is the study of the brains internal processes that guide behaviour; to study cognition, psychologists examine case studies of patients with damaged brains that can infer areas, and functions involved in particular processes. Patient studies have provided insights into the processes that take place within our minds, and have enabled psychologis ts to create models, which can be tested and fractionated. Cognitive neuropsychology has developed from cognitive psychology to becomeRead MoreThe Prehistory Of The Mind833 Words   |  4 Pageshumans from other primates and animals is our rationale, our ability to regulate emotions, and also the cognitive computational processes we have to understand complex social situations. In the book The Prehistory of the Mind, the author proposes that the evolution of the prefrontal cortex over the course of history is responsible for these executive processes that result in modern humanity’s cognitive fluidity -- the ability to combine and use intellectual information across specific domains (MithenRead More The Role of the Lesion Method in the Understanding of Healthy Brain Functions1578 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the relationship between brain and behaviour has been of great phenomenon in the field of neuropsychology yet a compound one. Studying the effects of brain funct ions on human behaviour requires us to operate with methods that allow us to dissect different aspects of mental functions. This paper therefore addresses one of the ways of assessing brain functions in human and non-human animals; the lesion method (in Banich, 2004). The basic concept of the lesion method is to determine aRead MoreUnderstanding the Brain: The Case of Phineas Cage Essay examples1956 Words   |  8 Pageswith lesions affecting the dorsolateral prefontal cortex. In 1948 Phineas Gage, an American railroad construction foreman, was involved in a terrible accident during which a tamping iron was explosively forced upwards through his left cheek and exiting the top of his head (Harlow, 1948). He stunned his colleagues by not only surviving the event and swiftly regaining consciousness but by also by walking to a nearby cart. Gage regained many of his physical and mental abilities but remained alteredRead MorePsychological Perspectives: Abnormal Psychology2146 Words   |  9 PagesThis assignment is going to outline four approaches to psychology. The approaches are: psychodynamic, biological, cognitive and behavioural approaches. Psychodynamic approach studies unconscious activities in the mind to elaborate on human thoughts, feelings and behaviour (Bernistein, 2013). Freud was able to treat clients by making them recall negative aspects of their past through psychoanalytic techniques such as free association, dream interpretation and transference (Wollheim, 2008). AccordingRead MoreThe Biological Theory Of Psychology936 Words   |  4 Pagesat the functioning of the brain, nervous system (CNS), genetics or chemical processes. As an example, a person has aggressive issue and decide to seek help. The psychodynamic approach will assume the root cause of the aggression is from childhood experiences and unconsciousness urges. However, the biological approach will look at the biological roots that lie behind aggressive behaviours, they might consider genetic factors that contribute to such displays of behaviour, damages to the brain or nervousRead MoreEmotions, Emotion, Grief, Sadness, Anger, Outrage, Surprise, Happiness And Sadness1480 Words   |  6 PagesEmotions play a fundamental role in our everyday lives. As human beings we can experience many emotions throughout the day, for example, we may experience sadness when given bad news, but experience happiness when given good news. Like most psychological phenomena’s, emotions are recognised fairly easily but are difficult to define. How can we define happiness, sadness or fear in a way that everyone can agree? According to Hockenbury et al (2007) emo tions are â€Å"complex psychological states that involve

Tony Fernandes free essay sample

Introduction Tan Sri Anthony Franicis Fernandes or knows as Tony Fernandes is a Malaysian entrepreneur in airline business. He is the founder of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd. who introduced the first budget no-frills airline, AirAsia, to Malaysian with the motto of â€Å"Now everyone can fly†. With his innovation, he is successful to turn a failing government-linked, DRB-Hicom commercial airline into a highly successful budget airline public listed company. (Air Asia, 2005) 1. 1 Background Tony was born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1964 to an Indian Goan father and Malacca Portuguese mother. His father was a communist doctor while his mother is a business women. When he was young he used to follow his mother a business women in selling Tupperware around Malaysia. He was educated at Epsom College from 1997-1983 and graduated from London School of Economics in 1987. (Sen Z. amp; Ng, J. , 2008) Although Tony grew up in a middle-class Malaysian family, Tony’s early thinking was shaped by the British education system. We will write a custom essay sample on Tony Fernandes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was about 12 when his parents sent him to boarding school in England, where he lived and worked well into early adulthood. Boarding school had brought a huge culture shock for him, but he has always been adjustable, so he managed to survive it. Moreover Tony is very good at sports, therefore it makes things easier for him to solve since everyone there was a foreigner and he managed to break the ice between them. He also said that he can be put anywhere in the world, and he will be able to get on with people around. (Sen Z. amp; Ng, J. , 2008) Tony studied accounting but he became an auditor in Virgin Atlantic after graduating from the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1987. However the job was seems to boring for his adventurous spirit and he gave it up after six months working there. Then he started to looked for something more exciting, and set his sights on the music industry since he love music. He is an amateur guitarist and enjoys playing the keyboard and the drums. (Sen Z. amp; Ng, J. , 2008) After resignation of auditing job, he sent his resume to record companies. And finally he got employed as the financial controller for Richard Brandson’s Virgin Records in London from 1987 to 1989. After that, he moved to Warner Music International London and become the senior financial analyst till 1992. Tony transferred to Malaysia as General Manager of Warner Malaysia. Within six months, he was appointed managing director, becoming the youngest candidate in the company’s history to hold the post. In August 1996, he became Regional Managing Director Tony Fernandes free essay sample When Time Warner Inc. merged with America Online Inc. , he quitted andstarts his journey to fulfill his childhood dream. This idea is generated when he was studyingin England and wanted to go home during term break but was rejected by his father becausethe flights tickets are expensive. Later, he started a company under the name of TuneAir Sdn. Bhd to take over AirAsia, Malaysia’s second national carrier with the tagline â€Å"now everyonecan fly†. I like his idea that everyone can fly because not much people afford to go overseaswhen the flight ticket are expensive, especially it happens when only one company dominatethe market. He was awarded a lot of honour such as Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) honour, Forbes Asia Businessman 2010, Officer of the Legion d’ Honneur andso on as recognition to his contributions to the community in each country. I think Tony Fernandes possessed good leadership because he is able to react tochallenges and does not give up easily. We will write a custom essay sample on Tony Fernandes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the material I got in the internet, it was a bigchallenge for him to start up because situation at that time was terrible and was widelyassumed that the low-cost model will fail. However, Tony Fernandes predicted that Asiawould face economy downturn and he could take this opportunity. The biggest challenge inhis pathway to succeed in turning AirAsia from a fledging government-link commercialairline to a highly successful public-listed international company is the proposing of the ideaof openskies agreements with Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore in 2003, which our country didn’t have before . He tried to reduce the cost, waste and unnecessary expenses to enable hiscompany to promote more low-cost flights for everyone, with the tagline â€Å"now everyone canfly† which I think it is not easy for any company. He keeps the costs low by utilizing onlineservice to sell tickets, not offering meals for short distance flights, shorten the time betweenlanding and takeoff to have maximum flights per day and last but not least increasing the lifespan of the parts of airplane by good maintenance and pilot’s flying techniques (i. e. tires thatcan last for 180 landings compare to 70 landings previously). As a leader in a company, he isopen-minded and ready to listen to employee’s opinion because staffs are nearer and able todiscover the problems easier. He said: â€Å"My staffs are my greatest asset. I know every one of them by name and we all share the same passion. I pay them well and we are transparent. † The personality on Tony Fernandes that I admire is ambitious. We have the similarsituation that people thought that our dreams are unrealistic but he dares to realize his dreamscompare to me which only dare to dream of my dreams. He dreamt to own an airport when hewas young and everyone thinks that it is stupid and unrealistic. He decided to pursue hisdream when he is in 36 years old when he saw an advertisement of Easy Jet on Television. His motto is â€Å"believe the unbelievable, dream the impossible and never take no for an answer†. With this believe, he bought AirAsia by paying RM1 each for 51. 68 million sharesand the assumption of fifty percents of the net liabilities of AirAsia. In other words, AirAsia is indebt before he bought it and he had spent only one year to clear all the debt and had led AirAsia to become th e world’s best low cost airline and largest in Asia in eight years which isonly $3. 21 per seat kilometre. Besides, I saw Tony Fernandes thinks, look and do things different from others thatmade his life different. Three days after he signed the deal with DBR-Hicom for AirAsia, the world’s airline industry was severely affected by the tragedy happened on 11 th September2001. Everyone thinks that Tony Fernandes will fail miserably because nobody would fly butTony Fernandes think that aircraft leasing cost reduces 40% and layoffs meant that qualified staffs were readily available. He believes by promoting cut-rate flight that save money and time during tight economy can attract Malaysian instead of having luxury services in flights. Tony Fernandes are able to shift his thinking quickly to find and react to opportunities. He isable to look at the world beyond and view something new as it is shown in second half year2008, where he decided to take the advantage of unwind fuel hedges before his competitorsdo so and now AirAsia is getting the full benefit of oil at $40 a barrel which is cheaper thanhis competitors. It can be seen that Tony Fernandes always wear a baseball cap, open neck shirt and jeans because he thinks that everyone is equal and hierarchy should be eliminated,which is seldom seen in Asia. AirAsia employs pilots that started as a baggage handlers andstewards, as well as Tony Fernandes, he spends a day as a baggage handler every months,cabin crew every two months, check-in clerk every three months. I think this will help him to generate more ideas in enhancing the airline services because he is able to observe more problems instead of hiding in the office without approaching the real service line. Whensomeone asked him for the secret of his success, he said: â€Å"I decided that I would run theairline my way, not as others might†. Another characteristic that I wish to learn from Tony Fernandes is being a risk-taker. In his 37, Tony Fernandes drove a company Jaguar, had a $10000 stereo system in the officeand opportunities to fly around the world with artist and entertainment executives but he haddecided to quit his job, mortgaged his home, and used up his savings and brought investorsfrom outside to develop the AirAsia to fulfil his childhood dream. Even before September11 th , the world’s airlines were already in trouble; his move to revived Malaysia’s loss -makingsecond airline is seen to be impossible as the previous owners have failed to save thecompany after spending two years.

Pesticide Using Essay Example

Pesticide Using Essay A pesticide is like a double-edged blade. If it s used, it cause jobs, and if its usage is discontinued, it still causes jobs! A pesticide is something that kills an unwanted being. In the agricultural sector, about $ 11 billion dollars are used on pesticides. The husbandman loves pesticides since they help maintain the husbandman s harvests integral, nevertheless it s been shown that the toxic effects the pesticides have on an being are get downing to impact worlds every bit good. A authoritative illustration is organophosphates, a 3rd coevals pesticide. A survey conducted by Gbaruko illustrated that in worlds, frequent exposure to organophosphates could damage enzymes in the nervous system. Companies tried to acquire around this by fabricating adult male made pesticides, called man-made pesticides. Synthetic pesticides, such as pyrethroids, are less toxic compared to their former opposite numbers, and therefore are used widely. However, recent surveies demonstrate that even these n ewer, less toxic pesticides are non every bit safe as companies proclaim. Bifenthrin is a authoritative illustration of such pesticide. Bifenthrin, a man-made 3rd coevals pesticide, is derived from pyrethrins which are extracted from chrysanthemums. Since it s deemed as a safe pesticide, it has been used in many families for old ages. The pyrethroid bifenthrin plants by maintaining sodium channels unfastened, altering the membrane potency of nervus membranes. Active Na channels leads to depolarisation and do nervousnesss fire action potencies quickly. Nervousnesss discharge continuously, doing hyper-excitability, and finally, palsy of the cardinal and peripheral nervous system by restricting neurotransmission ( Fecko ) . Below is a construction of bifenthrin. Bifenthrin affects the nervous system by interrupting down indoors an being s organic structure. Bifenthrin degrades into a biphenyl acid, intoxicant, aldehyde, and other acids, by spliting an ester bond, oxidization, or hydroxylation. These debasement merchandises lead to palsy of the nervous system. Bifenthrin is besides an ATPase enzyme inhibitor. For some aquatic beings, this is rather a job. Aquatic animate beings must keep ideal ionic concentrations in their systems to last. ATPase enzymes enable these beings to maintain their ion count at normal degrees. By forestalling the activity of ATPase enzymes, these animate beings are unable to keep their osmotic balance and finally decease ( Fecko ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Pesticide Using specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pesticide Using specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pesticide Using specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What makes bifenthrin a less toxic and widely used pesticide is its unsolvability in H2O ( it s solubility is merely 0.1mg/l ) and low vapour force per unit area ( 1.8110-7 mm/Hg ) . As shown in the molecular construction above, bifenthrin is largely a hydrophobic molecule. Since bifenthrin is non that soluble and has a low vapour force per unit area, it wo nt zap into air when it s applied to dirt. Besides, because of its low solubility, a batch of bifenthrin can be found absorbed in dirts where its half life is between 7 yearss to 8 months. Bifenthrin binds to the dirt strongly, and tends non to travel. Therefore there is barely any taint of land H2O from this pesticide, which is a immense advantage compared to many other pesticides that leak into groundwater. Another asset to bifenthrin is that even in direct sunshine, this pesticide is pretty stable. Fecko stated that the aqueous photolysis half life of 276 yearss for 14-C- cyclopropyl and 416 yearss for C-14-phenyl labeled bifen thrin indicates photo-stability. Another benefit to utilizing bifenthrin is that it is comparatively non-toxic to mammals, but is really effectual against insects. So far, this seems like good intelligence, holding a pesticide that is nt every bit toxic as its relations, does nt pollute the H2O, and barely affects worlds. Right? Wrong. There have been a turning figure of surveies demoing the contrary. New research has been indicating to the same decision for the past twosome of old ages, that bifenthrin is less toxic, but being persistently exposed to it causes neurodegenerative disease in worlds. What led this great pesticide, which possessed a small injury to worlds, into something wholly the antonym? Chronic, gradual exposure to bifenthrin, and the fact that no affair how safe we can do a pesticide, someway, one manner or another, it still has the possible to ache worlds. Pesticides are non good things. They are made to kill insects, which affects us as good. In worlds, bifenthrin has been found to lend to neurodegenerative diseases and makes it so that worlds are at a higher hazard to other toxicants. Dr. Benjamin Weeks, a professor at Adelphi University, has conducted two experiments which demonstrate that bifenthrin may so be a hazard factor for neurodegenerative disease. Dr. Weeks studied the consequence of bifenthrin on PC12 cells obtained from rats. He found that bifenthrin inhibits neurite formation and causes neurite abjuration, which have besides been found in other similar surveies to Weeks s. Neurites are developing nerve cells, which procedure and send messages to the encephalon. Neurons transmit information to the encephalon, which so elicits a response. By forestalling neurite formation, we are forestalling nerve cell formation, which leaves the encephalon unable to react to harmful stimulations. In his first paper, Dr. Weeks illustrates after handling rat nervus cells with bifenthrin, in 12 hours, there was 80 % neurite abjuration, and after 48 hours, about all the neurites had retracted. In his 2nd paper titled, PolicosanolPlus and NeuroprevinTM ameliorate pesticide-mediated suppression of neurite branch and neurite devolution, Weeks launches into a farther treatment of what happens when PC12 cells are treated with bifenthrin, and he discusses two nutraceutical addendums ( PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin ) which really promotes neurite endurance in the presence of bifenthrin. This is a great effort, for we genuinely can non extinguish pesticides. If pesticide usage were wholly eradicated, nutrient production would diminish by about 30 % . The cost of nutrient would increase by at least 50 % and the population would be exposed to many insect-borne diseases. Pesticides are a necessity. If we can happen a harmonious balance between both, where we can hold pesticides, yet non be exposed to their toxic effects, so we can hold both good harvests and increased human endurance due to a lessening in diseases from pesticides. PolicosanolPlus is a nutraceutical addendum that is a combination of aliphatic intoxicants, saturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. All these parts can be found in nature and are derived from waxes. Dr. Weeks has conducted farther surveies where he has found that PolicosanolPlus has shown to hold significant neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties.and protects nerve cells from excitotoxicity and from age related neurite abjuration in PC12 cell civilizations. Even if nerve cells experience high irritability due to the presence of invariably unfastened Na channels, they will be protected and prevent nerve cells from deceasing. Neuroprevin is a mixture of vitamins, aminic acids, and metabolites, and besides protects against neural decease. Chronic exposure to pesticides may take to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s disease. The makers of PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin province that possibly by forestalling neural decease, which leads to Alzheimer s dis ease, the addendums may in fact aid battle Alzheimer s disease ( Innovation Labs ) . Dr. Weeks believes the same. In rat PC12 cells, bifenthrin prevents the growing of neurites, and causes neurites to abjure. Weeks began his experiment by turning PC12 cells in civilization. He treated all the cells with 100 ng/ml of nervus growing factor ( NGF ) , except the control. In one civilization, his cells were exposed to nil ( control ) , in another civilization, the cells were merely exposed to growing factor. In the 3rd civilization, he had cells exposed to growing factor and bifenthrin, and in the last civilization, he had cells exposed to growing factor, bifenthrin, and to 2ug/ml PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin. During this portion of the experiment, note that he added all the constituents to the civilization at the same clip, right when the cells were seeding. Weeks found that cells with NGF did turn and widen neurites ( B ) . Cells with NGF and bifenthrin ( BiF ) did non bring forth as many neurites ( C ) , and cells with NGF, bifenthrin, PolicosanolPlus ( P ) and Neuroprevin ( NT ) , really did bring forth neurites ( D ) ! Adding PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin at the same clip as bifenthrin to the cells, masked bifenthrin s inhibiting ability, and in bend led to the growing of neurites. The below is a image, which illustrates this. A is the control civilization. Over a 72 hr period, Weeks found the same decision. 55 % of the cells with NGF extended neurites. Merely 3 % of the cells treated with bifenthrin and NGF had neurites. Cells with either PolicosanolPlus or Neuroprevin or a combination of the two exhibited the same consequences, that there were 46-51 % of cells that had neurite formation and extension. two demonstrates this below. It can be seen that the bulk of neurites formed when there was NGF, and the nutraceutical addendums present. The undermentioned tendency can be seen: NGF, along with PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin, prevent the inhibiting effects of bifenthrin. Note that during this full experiment, the cells were still feasible, it s merely the neurites that were affected by the pesticide and addendums. Dr. Weeks did another experiment, where he changed the manner he added the variables. At cell seeding, he merely added NGF and PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin, intending in all the civilizations he added the growing factor. He left one civilization with merely growing factor as the control, another civilization with growing factor and PolicosanolPlus, another with Neuroprevin and NGF, in the 4th one another there was both PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin and NGF, and in the last one, there was merely growing factor which was traveling to be used subsequently on. 24 hours after the cells seeded, Dr. Weeks added bifenthrin to all the civilizations except the control. In the last civilization, he found that NGF did non dissemble the effects of bifenthrin, and alternatively bifenthrin caused a lessening in neurite formation and extension, which was besides shown in two, when the NGF and bifenthrin were added together. After 72 hours, he saw that merely 5 % of the cells had neurites in thi s civilization. With the PolicosanolPlus + NGF, Neuroprevin + NGF, PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin + NGF civilizations, he found that the addendums one time once more prevented neurite devolution and abjuration. 63-67 % of the cells contained neurites after 72 hours. four exemplifies these tendencies. Many scientists now think that exposure to pesticides may really be doing many neurodegenerative diseases in worlds. Dr. Weeks paper is merely one that supports this point. Industrial exposure to pesticides has ever been a concern, but what about family exposure? There are pesticides at place that we are exposed to mundane. Yes, companies have tried to do man-made pesticides, which seem to be less toxic. However, these man-made pesticides have shown that they truly are nt less toxic, and can do neurodegenerative disease merely as the extremely toxic one, possibly at a slower gait, but that s about it. At the same item, pesticides can non be disposed of. They do hold their advantages, such as eliminating insect-borne disease. Again, here comes in the double-edged blade. What do we make? A promising solution seems to be nutraceutical addendums, which allow pesticides to be without damaging nerve cells. These addendums help protect neurites and let them to organize even if when the pesticides try to suppress their formation. In footings of the environment, bifenthrin, compared to other pesticides is non so much of a job. It stays in the dirt and does nt fade out in H2O. It does bioaccumulate in birds, which lead to many birds deceasing, but overall, there has nt been another Silent Spring yet so as of now we are ok. How long that is traveling to last? No 1 knows. It s best to get down taking action right off. Additionally bifenthrin is stable, is nt every bit toxic as other pesticides, and does nt truly ache worlds if they are exposed to it a small. That does nt intend bifenthrin should ever be used. There should be alternate agencies to pesticides, or at least addendums that counter their effects. Plants Cited Fecko, Andrew. Environmental Fate of Bifenthrin. Publication. Web. lt ; www.pw.ucr.edu/textfiles/bifentn.pdf gt ; . Gbaruko, Benedict C. Organophosphate induced chronic neurotoxicity: Health, environmental and risk exposure issues in developing states of the universe. Frican Journal of Biotechnology 8 ( 2009 ) : 5137-141. Web. lt ; www.atlas.iviji.com/AJB/PDF/pdf2009/19Oct/Gbaruko % 20et % 20al.pdf gt ; Hougard, J. M. Bifenthrin: A Useful Pyrethroid Insecticide for Treatment of Mosquito Nets. Publication. Web. lt ; www.emerald.qld.gov.au/Temp_Documents/Hougard.pdf gt ; . Neuroprevin. Advanced Labs. Web. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.innlabs.com/neuroprevin.html gt ; . Pesticide User s Guide. Web. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //ohioline.osu.edu/b745/b745_4.html gt ; . Pyrethroids/ Pyrethrins. Safety Source for Pest Management. Web. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.beyondpesticides.org/infoservices/pesticidefactsheets/toxic/pyrethroid.htm gt ; . Web. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifenthrin gt ; . Weeks, Benjamin, and A. Nandi. Bifenthrin causes neurite abjuration in the absence of cell decease: a theoretical account for pesticide associated neurodegeneration. 2006. Web. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16641870 gt ; . Weeks, Benjamin. PolicosanolPlus and NeuroprevinTM ameliorate pesticide-mediated suppression of neurite branch and neurite devolution. Med Sci Monit ( 2006 ) : 379-84. Hypertext transfer protocol: //cat.inist.fr/ ? aModele=afficheN A ; cpsidt=18443851. Web.

Superlative Forms of Modifiers - Definition and Examples

Superlative Forms of Modifiers s The superlative is the form or degree of an adjective or adverb that indicates the most or the least of something. Superlatives are either marked by the suffix -est  (as in the fastest bike) or identified by the word most or least (the most difficult job). Almost all  one-syllable  adjectives, along with some two-syllable adjectives, add -est  to the base to form the superlative.  In most adjectives of two or more  syllables, the superlative is identified by the word  most or least.  Not all adjectives and adverbs have superlative forms. After a superlative, in or of a noun phrase can be used to indicate what is being compared (as in the tallest building in the world and the best time of my life). Exercises and Quizzes Exercise in Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms of AdjectivesPractice in Forming the Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adverbs Examples and Observations This is the saddest story I have ever heard.(Ford Maddox Ford, The Good Soldier, 1915)The [New York City] subway is a gift to any connoisseur of superlatives. It has the longest rides of any subway in the world, the biggest stations, the fastest trains, the most track, the most passengers, the most police officers. It also has the filthiest trains, the most bizarre graffiti, the noisiest wheels, the craziest passengers, the wildest crimes.(Paul Theroux, Subterranean Gothic. Granta, 1984)[O]f all forms of tyranny, the least attractive and most vulgar is the tyranny of mere wealth.(Theodore Roosevelt,  Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography, 1913)Bart Simpson: This is the worst day of my life.Homer Simpson: The worst day of your life so far.(The Simpsons Movie, 2007)In one second, without any previous training or upbringing, he had become the wettest man in Worcestershire.​​  (P.G. Wodehouse, Very Good, Jeeves, 1930)I responded in what I thought was the most truthfulor least untruthfulmanner, by saying no.(James R. Clapper, Director of National Intelligence, explaining why he told Congress in March 2013 that the National Security Agency doesnt intentionally collect data on millions of Americans) To the man who loves art for its own sake, it is frequently in its least important and lowliest manifestations that the keenest pleasure is to be derived.(Arthur Conan Doyle)[T]he newspaper business, despite its many flaws, managed to do a lot of good. And it employed, in its newsrooms, the smartest, hardest-working, funniest, quirkiest, most cynical and at the same time idealistic group of borderline insane people Ive ever known.(Dave Barry, Ill Mature When Im Dead. Berkley, 2010)It is turning out to be the most beautiful, most quiet, largest, most generous, sky-vaulted summer Ive ever seen or knowninordinately blue, with greener leaves and taller trees than I can remember, and the sound of the lawnmowers all over this valley is a sound I could hum to forever. (Nicholson Baker, The Anthologist. Simon Schuster, 2009)The greatest discovery of my generation is that a human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes of mind.  (William James) Double Comparatives and Superlatives Speakers of vernacular dialects often use double comparatives and superlatives such as more higher and most fastest. Although such constructions may seem redundant or even illogical, in reality both standard and nonstandard varieties of all languages are replete with such constructions. In English the redundant comparative dates back to the 1500s. Prior to this, in Old and Middle English, suffixes, rather than a preceding more or most, almost always marked the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs, regardless of word length. In the Early Modern English period . . . [double markings were commonly used to indicate special emphasis, and they do not appear to have been socially disfavored.​  (comparative, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed., 2000) Unusual Superlatives Make sure your gathering is the meatiest, cheesiest, feastiest ever with our platters, cold subs, salads, snacks, and desserts.  (Firehouse Subs, Savannah, Georgia)- Another of Springfield’s belovedest citizens has been murdered.  (Kent Brockman in The Simpsons) Pronunciation: soo-PUR-luh-tiv